Theoretical Physics, Astrophysics & Cosmology

 Vol. 1, No. 3, p. 53 - 73.    20 October  2006   version 1  

On the Theory of Gravitationally-Frozen

Superdense and Supermassive Objects

Zahid Zakir

Centre for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics

Tashkent, Uzbekistan

http://ctpa.theorphys.org;  ctpa@theorphys.org

Abstract

The Black Hole Paradigm (BHP) is based on an implicit assumption that a collapse occurs quickly not only on proper times of falling particles, but on world time also, and that an information about it is late only. According to general relativity (GR) in a static field proper times are slowed down with respect to world time asymmetrically and this fact is confirmed by experiments on the long-term location of clocks at different heights. Therefore, the basic assumption of BHP is incompatible with GR, a collapse occurs not quickly, but it needs on really infinity world time. To each moment of world time corresponds the such moment of the proper time which does not enough for achievement of a horizon. As the result, according to GR real horizons and physical singularities do not exist, black holes can not be formed. Instead of black holes GR predicts the gravitationally-frozen states of matter in superdense and supermassive objects. Particles inside of any compact object are frozen by the strong gravitational field so that the time dilation is finite, but maximal at the centre, and minimal on a surface. This fact solves in cosmology the problem of initial singularity, in astrophysics allows one to construct a theory of superdense stars, quasars and AGN, in particle physics leads to the ultra-violet finiteness of quantum gravity.

PACS:  95.30.Sf, 97.60.Lf, 98.35.Jk, 98.54.-h, 98.80.-k, 04.60.-m

black holes, horizon, collapse, singularities, quark stars, quasars,

active galactic nuclei, cosmology, quantum gravity

 Full text:   v.2  pdf (161 Kb)  zip (116 Kb)     March 31, 2007      

                    (v.1   pdf (162 Kb)    zip (117 Kb))          October 20, 2006